What is Tsunami ?
Tsunami is a Japanese word to describe “harbour waves”. Tsunami is a huge series of waves generate by an impulsive disturbance in the body of water that has been displaced unexpectedly.
The causes of tsunami:
Tsunami can be cause by earthquake, landslide and volcanic eruptions or extraterrestrial collision.
- Earthquake beneath the sea:
Earthquake starts tsunami.
- Waves spreading out from the epicenter.
Tsunami occurs when a large volume of water has been displaced in the ocean. It is also known as earthquake under the sea causes of the massive change at the seafloor at the tectonic plate boundaries. The tectonic earthquake occurs when the edges hitting into one another. Such edges are called fault lines. The forces along the faults have been accumulating over a long period of time, so when the rocks finally break out, the earthquake occurs. The denser plate subducts under the other plate and that leads to the rise or fall of the sea floor. The moment of the ocean floor rises up or sink down unexpectedly, the massive volume of water above has been displaced and create a series of power and dangerous waves. Those massive waves begin to spread out from the epicenter of the earthquake. As long as the waves reach to the coastline, they would get higher and bigger as the sea floor gets shallower.
When the landslide travels down to the the slope. It fleets and creates a momentary pressure behind itself that pushes the water down while it also pushes the massive volume of water in front of it forward. When the landslide travels outward, it creates a large series of waves that hitting to the coast.
Volcano eruption can cause tsunami.
1) When the volcano erupts, the collapse of coastal can also disturb in amount of water undersea or undersea volcanoes.
2) The pyroclastic flow of the volcanoes which is made of dust, ash and gas pushing the volcanic slopes down to the sea.
3) The volcano collapse after its eruption, makeing the overlying water drop down suddenly.
- Extraterrestrial Collision:
Tsunamis that caused by extraterrestrial collision ( meteors, asteroids) are rarely occur. No tsunami that caused by (meteors and asteroids) has been recorded over the last century by the scientists, but they believed that this movement would be like throwing a rock into a pond, but on a larger scale. The ripples of the asteroids would be a massive tsunami, increasing in size and it would sweep out all the towns.
Structure of a tsunami:
The tsunami has 3 layers : -a magnitudeal layer which is 3-4 meters deep.
– individual layer which is 6-7 meters deep and,
– vantiallian layer which is 10-12 meters deep.
Tsunami waves move terribly faster than people expected it to be. The tsunami waves can be hundreds kilometers in length, it moves as its highest speed come across huge distance. But the dangerous thing is the waves don’t lose much energy.
Tsunami spread around from the place of water has been displaced, it is the same as the way the ripples appear when the rock is dropped down to the lake.
Almost of the tsunamis occur within the Pacific Ocean’s “Ring Of Fire”, a geologically active area where the shifts tectonic create volcanoes and earthquakes.
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